Staggers, Gassert, and Curran, 2001

Staggers, Gassert, and Curran, 2001

Valid and comprehensive nursing informatics (NI) competencies currently are lacking. Meanwhile, nursing leaders are emphasizing the need to include NI in nursing curricula, as well as within the roles of practicing nurses in all settings. This article presents the initial work of a team of NI experts toward development of a valid and reliable set of NI competencies. Previous work primarily has focused on computer-related skills, rather than examining a broad definition of informatics competencies. For this current work, NI competencies encompass all skills, not only computer-related skills, as well as knowledge and attitudes needed by nurses. The first two authors created a database of NI competencies from the existing literature. A larger panel of NI experts then affirmed, modified, added, or deleted competencies from this database. Competencies were placed into four distinct skill levels. Definitions of each skill level and an initial master list of competencies are provided.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11596683

Dreyfus Model

Dreyfus Model

In the fields of education and operations research, the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition is a model of how students acquire skills through formal instruction and practicing. Brothers Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus proposed the model in 1980 in an influential 18-page report on their research at the University of California, Berkeley, Operations Research Center for the United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research.^[1] The original model proposes that a student passes through five distinct stages: novice, competence, proficiency, expertise, and mastery.

Instead the original Dreyfus model is based on four binary qualities:

• Recollection (non-situational or situational)
• Recognition (decomposed or holistic)
• Decision (analytical or intuitive)
• Awareness (monitoring or absorbed

Example uses of model

• Assessing progress in the development of skills.
• Helping to define a desired level of competence.
• Supporting progress in the development of skills, by understanding the learning needs and styles of learning at different levels of skill acquisition.
• Helping to determine when a learner is ready to teach others.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreyfus_model_of_skill_acquisition

Turley, 1996

Turley, 1996

Turley,1996. proposed another model in which the core  components of informatics (cognitive science, information science, and computer science) are depicted as intersecting circle.

https://theoriesframeworksandmodel.wordpress.com/18-2/

Schwirian, 1986

Schwirian, 1986

Patricia Schwirian, 1986. proposed a model of nursing informatics intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in this discipline.

https://theoriesframeworksandmodel.wordpress.com/18-2/

Graves and Corcoran, 1989

Graves and Corcoran, 1989

A framework for organizing the study of nursing informatics is presented. The management and processing of nursing data, information science and nursing science is proposed as an area for study. The premises for such study and the key concepts and relationships are discussed. Nursing informatics would support the practice of nursing and delivery of nursing care.

https://sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1989.tb00148.x

Uses of Computer

Uses of Computer

http://ecomputernotes.com/fundamental/introduction-to-computer/uses-of-computer

Education : Getting the right kind of information is a major challenge as is getting information to make sense. College students spend an average of 5-6 hours a week on the internet.Research shows that computers can significantly enhance performance in learning. Students exposed to the internet say they think the web has helped them improve the quality of their academic research and of their written work. One revolution in education is the advent of distance learning. This offers a variety of internet and video-based online courses.

Health and Medicine :

Computer technology is radically changing the tools of medicine. All medical information can now be digitized. Software is now able to computer the risk of a disease. Mental health researchers are using computers to screen troubled teenagers in need of psychotherapy. A patient paralyzed by a stroke has received an implant that allows communication between his brain and a computer; as a result, he can move a cursor across a screen by brainpower and convey simple messages.

Science :

Scientists have long been users of it. A new adventure among scientists is the idea of a “collaboratory”, an internet based collaborative laboratory, in which researchers all over the world can work easily together even at a distance. An example is space physics where space physicists are allowed to band together to measure the earth’s ionosphere from instruments on four parts of the world.  

Business :

Business clearly see the interest as a way to enhance productivity and competitiveness. Some areas of business that are undergoing rapid changes are sales and marketing, retailing, banking, stock trading, etc. Sales representatives not only need to be better educated and more knowledgeable about their customer’s businesses, but also must be comfortable with computer technology. The internet has become a popular marketing tool. The world of cybercash has come to banking – not only smart cards but internet banking, electronic deposit, bill paying, online stock and bond trading, etc.

Recreation and Entertainment: 

Our entertainment and pleasure-time have also been affected by computerization. For example:
• In movies, computer generated graphics give freedom to designers so that special effects and even imaginary characters can play a part in making movies, videos, and commercials.
• In sports, computers compile statistics, sell tickets, create training programs and diets for athletes, and suggest game plan strategies based on the competitor’s past performance.
• In restaurants, almost every one has eaten food where the clerk enters an order by indicating choices on a rather unusual looking cash register; the device directly enters the actual data into a computer, and calculates the cost and then prints a receipt.

Government: 

Various departments of the Government use computer for their planning, control and law enforcement activities. To name a few – Traffic, Tourism, Information & Broadcasting, Education, Aviation and many others. 

Healthcare Informatics model

Heathcare Informatics Model

Health informatics (also called health care informatics, healthcare informatics, medical informatics, nursing informatics, clinical informatics, or biomedical informatics) is information engineering applied to the field of health care, essentially the management and use of patient healthcare information. It is a multidisciplinary field^[1] that uses health information technology (HIT) to improve health care via any combination of higher quality, higher efficiency (spurring lower cost and thus greater availability), and new opportunities. The disciplines involved include information science, computer science, social science, behavioral science, management science, and others. The NLMdefines health informatics as "the interdisciplinary study of the design, development, adoption and application of IT-based innovations in healthcare services delivery, management and planning".^[2] It deals with the resources, devices, and methods required to optimize the acquisition, storage, retrieval, and use of information in health and biomedicine. Health informatics tools include computers, clinical guidelines, formal medical terminologies, and information and communication systems, amongst others.^[3][4] It is applied to the areas of nursing, clinical medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, occupational therapy, physical therapy, biomedical research, and alternative medicine,^{[5][unreliable medical source?]} all of which are designed to improve the overall of effectiveness of patient care delivery by ensuring that the data generated is of a high quality.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_informatics

Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice

Standards of Nursing Informatics Practice

Transition into the health information technology workforce without career disruption. Harness technology's power to improve the delivery of health care by earning your Master of Science in Biomedical Informatics from NSU. The unique combination of computer science and clinical applications gives you futuristic skills to apply today. 

What you’ll study

Jump into an innovative, online and/or onsite curriculum that prepares you for real world practice. Intensive courses cover project management, system design, and a health informatics practicum. A variety of electives gives you choices of where to specialize.

How you’ll learn more

Choose skills-based courses to prepare for certifications in NextGen Healthcare, Lean Six Sigma, and others. Try a paid internship at NSU's clinics or a practicum in the surrounding community and beyond. With online courses, you'll fit the time to study in with your schedule.

Where it can take you

Considering how fast the field of informatics is growing and how much health care is changing, specialists are needed to support their integration. You can apply these new technologies in a variety of settings such as hospitals and health systems, eHealth companies, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and academic institution.      

https://nsuinfo.nova.edu/osteopathic/informatics/?gclid=CjwKCAjwgr3ZBRAAEiwAGVssnbKCeAu89bBYdbHn69Xvu-hISz9X7sg0rTi5trFP0MsDk6nMYhWK7hoCHr0QAvD_BwE

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Nursing Scope and Standard of practice

Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice

Publication Year: 2015
Edition: 3rd Ed.
Authors/Editor: ANA
Publisher: American Nurses Association, Inc
ISBN: 978-1-558-10620-8

http://www.ovid.com/site/catalog/books/8277.jsp

A detailed and practical discussion of the competent level of nursing practice and professional performance. It is a must-have for every registered nurse.

This keystone standard contains 17 national standards of practice and performance that define the who, what, where, when, why and how of nursing practice.

The scope and standards of practice inform and guide nursing practice and are often used as a reference for:
- Quality improvement initiatives
- Certification and credentialing
- Position descriptions and performance appraisals
- Classroom teaching and in-service education programs
- Boards of nursing members’ orientation programs and regulatory decision-making activities

It also outlines key aspects of nursings’ professional role and practice for any level, setting, population focus, or specialty and more!

Nursing's Social Policy Statement

Nursing’s Social Policy Statement

 Catherine E. NeumaA-BCn, MSN, RN, N

https://essentialguidetonursingpractice.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/pages-from-essential-guide-to-nursing-practice-chapter-1.pdf

 Nursing is a part of the society from which it grew and continues to evolve. As a profession, nursing is valued both within and outside that society. From the time of Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not in 1859 and the work of Virginia Henderson in 1961, the nursing profession has been responsive to the needs of society. Continuing this tradition, in 1980 the American Nurses Association (ANA) published the fi rst Nursing: A Social Policy Statement (ANA, 1980), which was updated in 1995 as Nursing’s Social Policy Statement. In 2003, ANA published the second edition of Nursing’s Social Policy Statement. Subsequently in 2010, ANA published Nursing’s Social Policy Statement: The Essence of the Profession (ANA, 2010a), which articulates the ways in which contemporary nursing as a profession is valued within U.S. society and is uniquely accountable to that society. As with its predecessors, the current edition provides helpful information to nurses, other health professionals, legislators, regulators, members of funding bodies, and the public. This new guide presents a summary of each section, followed by a discussion of how each social policy statement applies to nursing practice.

including nursing, are the property of society, not of the individual. What individuals acquire through training (education) is professional knowledge and skill, not a profession or even part ownership of one (Page, 1975, p. 7). Nursing is dynamic rather than static and refl ects the changing nature of society’s needs. As health care continues to be of utmost importance in the United States and throughout the world, nursing provides a leadership role in guiding the public and political leaders in the following areas: u Organization, delivery, and fi nancing quality health care Quality health care is a human right for all (ANA, 2008). It is expected that healthcare professionals address the increasing costs of health care; the ongoing health disparities; and the continuing lack of safe, accessible, and available healthcare resources and services. u Provision for the public’s health This provision promotes the responsibility of nursing to supply basic self-help measures for all, and it enhances the use of health promotion, disease prevention, and environmental measures. u Expansion of nursing and healthcare knowledge and appropriate application of technology Evidence-based practice, including the incorporation of research and evidence into nursing practice, promotes the application of knowledge and technology into healthcare outcomes. u Expansion of healthcare resources and health policy Expanded facilities and workforce capacity for personal care and community services are required to accomplish this goal. u Defi nitive planning for health policy and regulation Collaborative planning must be responsive to the needs of healthcare consumers and must provide resources for the health care of all members of society. u Duties under extreme conditions Healthcare professionals provide care under extreme conditions, thereby weighing their obligation to provide care with their own health and that of their families during emergencies. Social and political priorities for nursing include addressing the cost and quantity of healthcare services, along with having regulatory bodies provide various types of guidance.

Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statement

Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements

American Nurses Association. Silver Spring, MD: Nursebooks.org; 2015. Paperback; 60 pages. ISBN-10: 1558105999

1. Linda Bell, RN, MSN

1. Linda Bell is a clinical practice specialist at the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses in Aliso Viejo, California.

Ethics has been an integral part of nursing since the early beginnings of our profession. The first nursing code of ethics, A Code for Professional Nurses, was formally adopted by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 1950. Much has changed in the health care environment since then, but the responsibility of nurses to act in an ethical manner has not.

This 2015 edition is a revision of the 2001 Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements. The purpose of this update was to review and incorporate any changes in health care and clinical practice. A steering committee was convened for the revision, representing various nursing roles, practice settings, and geographical areas across the United States. ANA has been working on this update for 4 years, starting with an online public survey leading to the first revision, which was then posted for public comment. All of these comments were considered when completing the revision.

The Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements still has 9 provisions articulating the fundamental values and commitments of nurses, boundaries of duty and loyalty, and duties of nursing beyond individual patient interactions. The Interpretive Statements are still included to provide context and guidance for practice within an ever-changing health care environment.

Important changes are included in this revision. First is the addition of a glossary to ensure that all readers have a common understanding of the terminology used in the book. Also, an introduction helps to orient the reader to the content and purpose of the document as well as to the rationale for wording decisions such as the continued use of “patient” rather than the term “client.” Finally, the online version includes links to seminal documents that support the role of ethics within the practice of nursing.

The Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statements should be a part of every nurse’s library. This document helps us frame our practice when answering the confusing ethical questions that arise in everyday practice, no matter what the role in nursing or health care. It is the accountability of all nurses to incorporate these provisions and maintain the trust that our patients and society has placed in nursing.

• ©2015 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
• http://ccn.aacnjournals.org/content/35/4/84.full